A mech or weapon with the Kickback effect, has a chance to deal damage to itself/mech firing the weapon on a successful hit.
Sample: If a weapon with Kickback 10% hits an opponent mech for 50 damage, the mech which fired might also take 5 damage.
Note: Warrior piloting a Mech above their driving capabilities (with a low Heavy Skill) will also suffer the Kickback effect in higher degree as their Heavy skill was lower than the needed to pilot a certain mech's tonnage.
Check aswell the Heavy pilot skill.